TED演讲【两大让公司失败的原因 以及如何避免它】20160424.pdf

00:12 Here are two reasons companies fail: they only do more of the same, or they only do whats new. 00:22 To me the real, real solution to quality growth is figuring out the balance between two activities: exploration and exploitation. Both are necessary, but it can be too much of a good thing. 00:40 Consider Facit. Im actually old enough to remember them. Facit was a fantastic company. They were born deep in the Swedish forest, and they made the best mechanical calculators in the world. Everybody used them. And what did Facit do when the electronic calculator came along? They continued doing exactly the same. In six months, they went from maximum revenue ... and they were gone. Gone. 01:10 To me, the irony about the Facit story is hearing about the Facit engineers, who had bought cheap, small electronic calculators in Japan that they used to double-check their calculators. 01:26 (Laughter) 01:28 Facit did too much exploitation. But exploration can go wild, too. 01:33 A few years back, I worked closely alongside a European biotech company. Lets call them OncoSearch. The company was brilliant. They had applications that promised to diagnose, even cure, certain forms of blood cancer. Every day was about creating something new. They were extremely innovative, and the mantra was, When we only get it right, or even, We want it perfect. The sad thing is, before they became perfect -- even good enough -- they became obsolete. OncoSearch did too much exploration. 02:16 I first heard about exploration and exploitation about 15 years ago, when I worked as a visiting scholar at Stanford University. The founder of the idea is Jim March. And to me the power of the idea is its practicality. 02:34 Exploration. Exploration is about coming up with whats new. Its about search, its about discovery, its about new products, its about new innovations. Its about changing our frontiers. Our heroes are people who have done exploration