[中学联盟]虚拟语气用法小结.doc

虚拟语气用法小结 ? 一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) 1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 主从句时态 虚拟条件句 主句 例句 与现在事 实相反的 假设 If+主语+动词 的过去式(be 动词用were) 主语+should, would, could, might+动词原形 If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you. If I were you, I should seize the chance to go abroad. 与过去事 实相反的 假设 If+主语+had+ 过去分词 主语+should, would, could, might + have + 过去分词 She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed the exam. 与将来事 实相反的 假设 ①If+主语+ 动词过去式 ②If+主语+ were to+ 动词原形 ③If+主语+ should+ 动词原形 主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. ? 2. 错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) ? 3. 省略连词if （倒装）。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year (= if I had had the money last year), i would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。 Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。 ? 4. 含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用某他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。其虚拟的结构形式通过主句来表现。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的方式有： （1）介词或介词短语（代替状语从句）：but for（要不是…），without（假若没有…），with（假若有…） With your help, I could have finished the work ahead of time.