Lecture3SyntacticRhetoric.pptVIP

;Syntactic Rhetoric;Unified;Syntactic Rhetoric ;3.1 Conciseness ;A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short or that he avoid all detail … but that every word tell (=produce a noticeable effect起作用,). ( A New English Course, Level 6, p.161);;;;3.1.1 Two principles of conciseness;;More:;3.1.2 Application of Clarity;3.2 Unity of sentence; Ideas not closely related:?Born in a small town in South China in 1937, he grew to be a musician. ?;;3.3 Coherence;A. Misused Parallel;a) Use parallel constructions for parallel ideas:;Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way. Let all theories be subjected to the bright clear light of practice. (Norman Bethune);It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.?Americans encourage their children to be competitive, to get ahead, to make money, and to acquire possessions.; Faulty;;Tom Clark, who is wise and intelligent, and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.Tom Clark, who is wise and intelligent and who is our union representative, has been promoted to foreman.;b) Use parallel constructions for comparison and contrast:;Illogical;;c) Use parallel constructions for items in lists or outlines:;B. Vague Pronoun ;He told his father that he’d better leave as soon as possible. Here “he” is not clear, because it may refer to the father or the son. In order to make this reference clear, we may use direct speech: He told his father: I’d better leave as soon as possible. or He told his father that You’d better leave as so