HowtousetheAPAreferencingstyle.docVIP

How to use the APA referencing style When quoting directly or indirectly from a source, the source must be acknowledged in the text by author name and year of publication. If quoting directly, a location reference such as the page number or paragraph number is also required. 1. In text citation (Quotes/Paraphrasing) a. Direct quotation Use quotation marks and include page numbers. Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that language involves attaching meaning to symbols (p.188). Alternatively: Language involves attaching meaning to symbols (Samovar Porter, 1997, p.188). A quotation of 40 or more words should be formatted as a freestanding, indented block of text without quotation marks. Note the location of the final full stop. Weston (1948) argues that: One of the most important phases of our special guests was to get information that would throw light on degeneration of the facial pattern that occurs so often in our modern civilization. This has its expression in the narrowing and lengthening of the face and the development of crooked teeth. (p. 174) If you quote from online material and there are no page numbers (e.g. HTML based document), use the paragraph number (para.) instead. Prevalence rates of antenatal major and minor depression have been estimated in community-based studies to range from 7% to 15% of all pregnancies (Grote, Swartz, Geibel Zuckoff, 2009, para. 2). b. Indirect quotation/paraphrasing Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to be the origin of written language (Samovar Porter, 1997). N.B. Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although authors are encouraged to include them, especially when it assists the reader to locate the reference in long pieces of text (Publication Manual, p. 171). c. Citations from a secondary source Arnett (as cited in Claiborne Drewery, 2010) suggests there is an emerging adult stage in the lifespan of humans, covering young people between the ages of 18 and 25 years. N.B. List Claiborne Drewery