16 - 膽道疾病病人護理.ppt

胆道疾病病人的护理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 学习目标 1、掌握：胆道疾病病人的护理措施及健康教育 2、熟悉：胆道疾病病人的护理问题、辅助检查 3、了解：胆道疾病病人的护理评估 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解剖生理概要 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 胆道系统包括肝内、肝外胆管、胆囊、Oddi括约肌。肝内胆管起于毛细胆管，肝外胆管包括肝外左右肝管、肝总管、胆囊管和胆总管 解剖结构 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 结石易嵌顿部位 胆囊 底 体 颈 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Oddi括约肌 乏特壶腹周围的括约肌 Oddi括约肌作用 控制和调节胆汁和胰液的排放，防止十二指肠液反流。 乏特壶腹：胆总管与主胰管有同通道占80%～85%； 胆总管与主胰管分别开口于十二指肠占15～20％ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 胆道系统的生理功能 胆囊的生理功能 浓缩、储存和排出胆汁、 分泌:每天分泌黏液20ml，保护润滑胆囊黏膜 24小时内胆囊接纳胆汁约500ml，浓缩5～10倍 胆管的生理功能 输送胆汁至胆囊和十二指肠；分泌胆汁 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 生理功能 胆汁 胆管 胆囊 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.  常见病，自然人群发病率5.6％ 近年发病率明显增高 女性患病较男性高一倍 胆囊结石发病率 胆管结石 胆固醇结石 胆色素结石 胆石病与胆道感染常同时发生， 互为因果 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．胆道感染：胆汁淤滞、细菌或寄生虫入侵胆道 胆道感染 胆汁内大肠杆菌产生β-葡萄糖醛酸酶 可溶性结合胆红素水解 非水溶性游离胆红素 + 钙 胆红素钙（沉淀形成胆色素结石） 胆石形成原因 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clie