英语语法倒装讲解.doc

Grammar: Inversion 英语中主语在前谓语在后的语序称为自然语序。 由于语法、修辞的需要谓语置于主语之前，称为全部倒装 助动词、情态动词等移到主语之前而主要动词仍然在主语之后的，称作部分倒装。 （1）为了叙述或描绘更加生动，将表示运动方向的副词（如“here, there, out, in, up, off, down, away, back等）放到句首。注意：这种句子必须是谓语动词为go, come, run, rush等表示位移的动词，主语是名词。 Here comes the bus.???? There goes the bell.???? Down came the rain? Out rushed a tiger from the wood.???? （2）当句首是表示地点的介词短语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡或是为了使上下文更加紧密衔接时，常使用倒装。 In the center of the hall stands a white piano.? Among them was a soldier who was wounded in the shoulder.? （3）用so表示“我也这样”一类概念时，常用以下结构： 肯定：so + be/ have/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 否定：nor/ neither + be/ have/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语 He has visited the museum. ―So have I.??? She can swim. －So can I.??? The boy can’t skate. －Nor can his brother. (Neither can his brother.) （4）副词only所强调的方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等位于句首时，采用部分倒装。 Only by taking a taxi can you arrive there on time.???? Only in this way can you make progress in English.?? Only when she came home did he learn the news.??? ?（5）为了强调句子中的否定状语，常将其置于句首，通常采用部分倒装。 这类常见的具有否定意义的副词、连词和短语有： 副词：few, little, never, not, nowhere, rarely, seldom 连词：not until, not only...but also, no sooner…than, hardly…when 短语：at no time, by no means, on no account, in no circumstances 绝不 Not until all the fish died in the river, did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. Not a single song did she sing at yesterday’s party.?? No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.?? （6）虚拟语气的非真实条件句中若含有“were, had, should等词”，可以省略连词if，并把were等移到句首，构成倒装。 Were he here now, he would tell us what to do. Had I the time, I would go.??????? Should it not rain, the crops would die.??? （7）让步状语从句可以采用如下结构。形容词/名词 + as + 主语 + 谓语 Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.?????? Child as he was, he lived on himself.??????? （8）so...that ????so在句首修饰形容词或副词表示强调时，主句要用倒装语序，后面以that引导的结果状语从句采用自然语序。 So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.???? So loudly did he speak that people upstairs could hear him. （9）however为连接副词，引导让步状语从句，其意义和作用相当于no matter how。可用于如下结构： however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 However late