TEM_4历年语法考点(第三章形容词和副词).ppt

TEM-4 历年语法考点;第三章 形容词和副词;一、形容词 1．形容词常用来修饰，描述名词或代词，多用作定语、表语或补语。 e.g. the former (late) husband an intimate friend He made his father angry. 2． -ly后缀和形容词 后缀-ly常在形容词之后构成副词，但有些以-ly后缀结尾的词却是形容词，看似副词，容易混用。;这类派生词有两类： 1)名词+ly=形容词 e.g. brotherly, earthly, friendly, lovely等。 2）形容词+ly=形容词 e.g. lively, lonely, deadly，likely等。 【注】有些形容词本身就带ly, 如： silly, ugly, daily, chilly等，容易误用为副词。;3．只作表语的形容词 英语中有些形容词不能放在名词前面作定语，只能用作表语（或后置定语）一般称作表语形容词。这类形容词有两类： 第一类是表示健康状况的词，如well，ill。第二类是由前缀a-构成的形容词，如：afraid, alert, alike, alive, alone, aloof, ashamed, asleep, awake, aware, 等。;例如： He is well/a healthy man. (√) He is a well man. (×) She is ill/sick. (√) She is a sick person. (√) She is an ill person. (×) He is the only alive man in the village after the earthquake. (×) He is the only man alive in the village after the earthquake. (√) ;【注】 1)上述只作表语用的的形容词中，除well, ill外，大多不能同very 连用，而必须用very much. e.g. I am very much afraid of that--too high a reputation would be a burden for me. 2）第二类形容词词都不能作前置定语，但当它们本身带有副词修饰时，又可作前置定语。 e.g. a really alive student a somewhat afraid boy;4．只能作后置定语的形容词 1) 形容词修饰由some-，any-，every-，no-等和-body/one/thing等组合的复合不定代词时，须后置。 e.g. something new anybody present 2) 某些以-able和-ible结尾的形容词作定语时常常后置。 e.g. imaginable/ possible/available等。;这些词作后置定语修饰名词时，名词前常可以有形容词最高级或only等限定词作为前置定语。 e.g. We had the greatest difficulty imaginable. Children need the best education possible. I‘ll send you all the periodicals available. ;3) 由前缀a-构成的形容词，即上文提到的表语形容词(afloat/alike/alive/alone等)，须后置修饰名词。 e.g. The house ablaze was next door to him. The boat afloat was not seen by the enemy. 4）在一些头衔或固定词组里，形容词需跟在名词之后。这类词组有： Attorney General 首席检察官,司法部长 body politic 全体公民 Poet Laureate桂冠诗人 time immemorial 史前时期 the president elect 当选而尚未就任的总统;5．只能作前置定语的形容词 1）词尾为-most的形容词，如 topmost，foremost, endmost e.g. Every profession produces its own topmost master. He is considered the foremost British artist of this century. 2）词尾为-en 的过去分词形容词，如drunken，spoken, written e.g. Drunken days have all their tomorrows. They built