Chapter_10_Alcohol_and_phenol-final教程.ppt

Alcohols and phenols 第十章 醇与酚;醇（Alcohol）;Content;Part II Phenol/Hydroxybenzene 10.7 Structure and nomenclature 10.8 Physical and spectroscopic properties 10.9 Chemical reactions 10.10 Preparations 10.11 Sources and usages ;Part I Alcohols 第一部分 醇 ; 10.1.1 Structure 10.1.2 Isomerization 10.1.3 Classification 10.1.4 Nomenclature;;10.1.2 Isomerization 异构;10.1.3 Classification 分类;10.1.4 Nomenclature 命名;Inter molecular hydrogen bond;Simple alcohols may form co-crystals with inorganic salts. 低级醇与一些无机盐（如：MgCl2、CaCl2、CuSO4等）形成结晶状的分子化合物 － 结晶醇（醇化物）;10.2.1 Spectrometry;ν(O-H);ν(-OH);ν(O-H);NMR; 10.3.1 Acidity and basicity 10.3.2 Esterifying 10.3.3 Nucleophilic substitution 10.3.4 Dehydration and elimination;Lone pair electrons Basicity Nucleophile;OH is not a good leaving group. Proton is often required to change the bad leaving group OH into a good leaving group OH2+;10.3.1 Acidity and basicity 酸、碱性;;;Na;(B) Basicity 碱性; 10.3.2 Esterification 酯化反应;Acyl chloride;Mechanism 机理; 10.3.3 Nucleophilic substitution 亲核取代反应;(A). Reactions with HX 与HX的反应;SN1 or SN2 ?;易发生重排;Mechanism----neighboring group participation 邻基参与;Lucas reagent: Lucas试剂;(B). Reactions with PXn;(C) Reactions with SOCl2;10.3.4 Dehydration and elimination 脱水与消除;Mechanism;(B) Intramolecular dehydration ;Mechanism; Rearrangement occurs when a more stable anion is formed.;10.3.5 Oxidation 氧化反应;Sarrett reagent：;When air is pumped in, water vapor is generated.; 10.4.1 Reactions similar to monobasic alcohol 10.4.2 Reactions different from monobasic alcohol;10.4.1 Reactions similar to monobasic alcohol 与一元醇类似的性质;10.4.2 Reactions different from monobasic alcohol 多元醇的特殊性质;(B). Reaction with periodic acid 与高碘酸的反应;Mechanism;注意：环状酯中间体，要求两个羟基处于顺式;Application ;(C). Pinacol rearrangement 嚬哪醇重排;Which carbocation is favored ? 生成哪个碳正离子？;Which group shifts ? 哪个基团迁移？;Shifting group and leaving group 迁移的立体化学要求;(D). Poly