2013-2014学年高中英语选修7同步辅导与检测：Unit2Robots第四学时.ppt

第四学时　Grammar; 被动语态 一、语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词来表示被动，而英语用助动词“be ＋ 及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。 ;二、被动语态常用的八种时态 1．一般现在时 The school doesn’t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2．一般过去时 They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 3．一般将来时 They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. ;4．过去将来时 The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 5．现在进行时 The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. 6．过去进行时 They didn’t drive there on time because the workers were mending the road. They didn’t drive there on time because the road was being mended. ;7．现在完成时 Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. 8．过去完成时 When I got to the theatre，I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre，I found the tickets had already been sold out. 9．含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. ;三、被动语态的使用 1．当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 Mr. White，the cup with mixture was broken. (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出是谁弄坏的。) 2．突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3．当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用“in＋名词”作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15,000 cars are produced each year in this factory.;四、主动表被动的几种情况 1．有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook 等