精益生产之全面生产维护TPM(中英文版).ppt.pptVIP

Affirmative vs. Negative 正反译法;Definition 1). An Affirmative structure (English and Chinese) refers to a sentence which is positive in its structure or form, i.e. it does not have any negative element in it, as is manifest in the following: He is free with money. etc. 肯定句—汉语或英语中不含有否定词或否定意义词语以及带有否定词缀的词的句子。 ;2). A Negative structure refers to a sentence (clause) which contains one or more than one negative element (negative words: not, never…, words with negative affixes: impolite, amoral…,etc) in its structures, as is evident in sentences as follows: Americans are well known for their informality. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind. This is an insecure house. 否定句—汉语中带有否定词，如“无”、“不”、“莫”、“勿”等的句子，和英语中带有否定词或有否定意义的词，如“hardly” 、“but for” 、“fail”等以及带否定词缀的词的句子。;1. Negation in E-C Translation Due to differences between Chinese and English in the way of thinking and in the mode of speaking, what is affirmative in form in one language may often mean something negative in another or vice versa. 1). He knew that he was mortally ill. 2). We can’t sign the contract in his absence. 3). We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 4). The two teams tied.; 5). Law is no respecter of persons. 6). The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 7).Our cause has no lack of successors 8). Keep hands off the articles at the exhibition. 9). Closed to public 10). Wet paint 11). Let me alone, please. 12). Don’t wake the sleeping dog. ;A. English negative words and expressions: a). Full negatives: no, never, none, nothing, not, nobody, nowhere, nor No trickery can fool us. b). Semi negatives: hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little Few students went to the party. c). Partial negatives: not every, not all, not both, not much, not many, not always