PETS3单元现在完成时及过去完成时总结.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 11 现在完成时 现在完成时的构成：主语+ have/has + P.P. 助动词 过去分词 一．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和表示一段时间的 状语连用。 (1) He has learned English for about seven years. (2) They have lived in Beijing for ten years. since ten years ago. since they came here. (3) My uncle has taught in that school for ten years. since 2003. 对划线部分提问： How long has your uncle taught in that school? (4) A: How long has your father worked in that company? B: He has worked there for twenty years. since 1993. since he left the army. 注意： ① 一次性动词可以有完成时，但不能与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 ② 要想和一段时间连用，需要把一次性动词转换成相应的延续性动词。 come—be here go/leave—be away borrow—keep buy—have join—be in/be a member of get to know—know begin/start—be on die—be dead open—be open close—be closed I’ve bought the pen. √ (1) I’ve bought the pen for about two years. × I’ve had the pen for about two years. √ (2) He has joined the Youth League. √ He has joined the Youth League for about two years. × He has been a league member for about two years. √ (3) I’ve come to this school for about two years. × I’ve been in this school for about two years. √ (4) I’ve got to known him for about two years. × I’ve known him for about two years. √ 注意：否定句例外 (5) A: Hello! I haven’t seen you for a long time. How are you? 一次性动词 for + 一段时间 B: I’m fine, thank you, and you? A: I’m fine, too. Thanks. 二．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 (1) I have just (或already) posted the packet. 我已经把包裹邮寄了。 (“邮寄”这个动作是过去发生的，也许是昨天寄去的，但对现在造成的影 响是“包裹不在我这里，或不久对方就能收到包裹了”。) 区别：I posted the packet yesterday. 我昨天邮寄的包裹。 （ 此句有明显的表示过去的时间状语。因此需用过去时，只强调动作，不考虑影响。） (2) A: Have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When and where did your see it?