老托福阅读真题passage 82.pdfVIP

老托福阅读真题 PASSAGE 82 托福阅读的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思维方式，才有可能在做题之 前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点，为找答案节省时间。老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在 于其最贴近真题的阅读思维方式。此外老托福阅读真题比新托福 IBT 阅读文章要短，比较容易适应。 这也是大家在备考托福的时候非常重要的一点。因为前期的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一 个循序渐进的过程方式，让大家的练习有一个提高的过程。 既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢？ 事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。本期为大家推荐老托福阅读的真题 PASSAGE 82，附有原文及答案， 希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。 Ethology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced back to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen. Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead. Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child development — the critical period. It refers to a limited times span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whether complex cognitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods. For example, if children are deprived of adeq