雅思真题集——2013.01.19阅读篇.docVIP

朗阁海外考试研究中心 Research Academy for Foreign Language Examinations 雅思考试阅读考题回顾 朗阁海外考试研究中心 王玉梅 考试日期：2013年1月19日 Reading Passage 1Title:欧洲印刷术Question types:TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Match people with opinion Summary Completion文章内容回顾欧洲印刷术的历史英文原文阅读The techniques of printing were developed in Europe by craftsmen ignorant of these advances in the Far East. As in China, the earliest printing took the form of illustrated sheets printed from carved wooden blocks (known as woodblock printing). These illustrations were largely religious in nature, simple in design, and meant to be coloured by hand, and were made by largely anonymous craftsmen, and very few examples have survived. The development of printing took a dramatic step forward thanks to the technological advances made by  HYPERLINK http://www.gutenberg.de \t _blank Johan Gutenberg, a Goldsmith working in Mainz, Germany, in the middle of the 15th century. His revolutionary idea was to use metal to cast each letter individually as a piece of ‘type’, so that a number of individual pieces (or letters) would be fitted together to make up a word, sentence, paragraph, and eventually an entire text or book. Once the printing had been finished, the type could be broken up from its settings, and re-used to print another book. This invention of ‘moveable’ (and re-useable) type enabled printing to become a viable economic alternative to making books by hand (known as manuscripts). Gutenberg’s invention produced what is regarded as a landmark in the history of printing, and of western civilisation: an edition of the Bible in Latin, known as the  HYPERLINK http://prodigi.bl.uk/gutenbg/default.asp \t _blank Gutenberg Bible (or sometimes as the 42-line Bible, as each page is made up of 42 lines of type). It was made at his workshop in Mainz between 1453 and 1455, and was certainly complete by 1456. It consists of over 1,300 large pages, in two volumes, and although we do not know exactly how many copies were originally prod