presuppositionandtranslation预设与翻译探析.ppt

Presupposition and Translation;1 presupposition 2 Triggers of presupposition 3 Several semantic features of presupposition 4Semantic presupposition and Pragmatic presupposition 5 Translation methods of presupposition 6 Conclusion ;1 Presupposition;2 Triggers of presupposition;3 Several semantic features of presupposition ;2 They are defeasible which means that they can be cancelled out by either the immediate linguistic context or by some wider context or mode of discourse. e.g. The committee failed to reach a decision. （have presuppositions) adding because they didnt even get round to discussing it then there is no presupposition. ; 3 They are tied to particular aspects of the surface structue of an utterance ( Levison, 1983:186). e.g. John seduced Mary.（焦点在主语） John seduced Mary. （焦点在谓语） John seduced Mary. （焦点在宾语）;4 Semantic Presupposition ;?Presuppositions in utterances may be neither true nor false but simply not applicable. e.g. The King of France is bald . 这句换是对的，但我们知道 ,现在没有这样的人存在 。因此 ,在具体语境中“法国国王”的预设是不成立的。 语义预设是从语义学的角度来分析预设的，它与特定的词、短语、语法结构等等有关。语义预设是语句命题本身所拥有的一种意义，是静态的，抽象的。 ; Pragmatic presupposition;e.g. Have you got children? presupposing: 1 There is somebody there to answer. 2 The somebody in question understands English. 3 The ability and the willingness of the other person to respond. 4 Their willingness or predisposition to answer questions of a personal nature. 比较语义预设，语用预设受语境的影响，是动态的，具体的。;5 Translation methods of presupposition; Six methods;（2）改写 上文提到的直译加注是处理源语和译语不同预设的常用方法之一, 但其破坏阅读连贯性的缺点也显而易见。 为避免这一缺点, 在翻译实践中也常用另一种处理预设的方法, 即改写( rewriting)。 如: Romeo: W hat has thou found? /罗: 你发现了什么? M ercutio: No hare, Sir. / 墨: 倒不是野鸡, 先生。 (梁实秋 2002);（3）增添法 一种语言中存在的预设信息并不存在于另一种信息中。翻译时，除了加注还可以根据不同的情况增加必要的预设信息，来???足目的语读者的需要。如： Ask for More. 摩尔香烟，请多品尝。;（4）语境化法 对类似事物的表达有时源语文化和目标语文化相去甚远,这种情况除了可用加注法,也可以用语境化法。 如： He had been faithful to the fourteen-year-old vicar’ daughter，whom he had worshiped on his knees but had