第一章概述MicrobiologyforWastewaterTreatment_2011_12.ppt

Biology for water and wastewater treatment(水处理生物学);Contents ：;Key words:;§1.1 The basic theory of ecology(生态学） A tree all trees all life + environment（energy，sunlight，temperature, soil, etc ） ; Sketch map of ecosystem and material cycle Environment 2) Structure and function： （1）Primary productivity: capture and store energy. 6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 (glucose)+ 6O2 + 6H2O （2）It forms food chain and food web.;（3）There are energy flow in the ecosystem. （4）All kinds of information, such as the physical, chemical and biological, be transferred in ecosystem. 3) Ecosystem balance When a ecosystem matures, its structure and function achieves a comparatively steady state. （1）The cause of balance： There is a self-feedback(反馈） ,self-adjusting action.;（2）Ecosystem unbalance(失衡). The ability of self-regulation is limited, if some man-made factors destroy ecosystem’s structure and environment , it will appear ecosystem unbalance. （3）Approaches to keep ecosystem balance ----study ecosystem’s composition, structure, keep its integrality, any class of the whole or some kind life cannot be broken at man’s pleasure； ----protect biological diversity(生物多样性）； ----suitably explore and use the resources; ----control environmental pollution, provide a good environment for ecosystem.;4) Microorganism’s important effect in ecosystem (1) Effect in natural matter cycle (A) Autotrophic microorganism(自养微生物), the primary producer,can change inorganic(无机的) matters into the organic. (B) Heterotrophic bacteria(异养微生物) are main decomposer of organism in nature；it can decompose completely the natural matter . (2) Effect in energy flow ① Autotrophic microorganism（Some ） can capture and turn solar energy into biochemical energy； ② Heterotrophic bacteria decompose organic compounds，release biochemical energy and take part