跨文化交际[第1课].ppt

Inter-cultural communication;Inter-cultural communication;Where are they from?;Kimono;Understanding Culture;Generally speaking, Culture is the way of life. Thanks to culture, without it we can’t survive in society.;1.Differences and similarities between cultures;越南人有十二个生肖，与中国人的生肖基本相同。只是中国有“兔”无“猫”，越南则有“猫”无“兔”。 印度人有十二个生肖，与中国人的生肖基本相同。只是中国有“虎”无“狮”，印度则有“狮”无“虎”。 埃及人有十二个生肖，分别是：牡牛、山羊、猴子、驴、蟹、蛇、犬、猫、鳄、红鹤、狮子、鹰。 希腊人有十二个生肖，与埃及人的生肖基本相同，只是希腊人有“鼠”无“猫”，埃及人则有“猫”无“鼠”。 墨西哥人有十二个生肖，有虎、兔、龙、猴、狗、猪和其它六种墨西哥特有的动物组成十二生肖。;2.Ethnocentrism--the limitation of culture;We usually learn our own cultures way of doing, speaking, and thinking so well that it becomes difficult to think, feel, speak and act as people in other cultures do. Our own native language and cultures are so much a part of us that we take them for granted. Using our own culture as the standard to judge other cultures. People everywhere tend to be ethnocentric and are often not aware of cultural differences. Cross-cultural awareness is the ability to understand cultures by means of objective, non-judgemental comparisons. It is an appreciation for us to get rid of our ethnocentric tendencies and to accept another culture on its own terms. Many inter-cultural interactions go sour due to lack of such awareness.;3.cultures is not a static entity while it is difficult to be transformed completely;Changes in certain aspects of cultures especially in the area of behavior and customs, can occur rapidly. Changes in the underlying values, e.g. in ways of looking at the world, tend to be much slower. ;4.what we can see about cultures is just the tip of the iceberg ;What is communication?;The American sociolinguist D. Hymes pointed out that people with communicative competence should know when, where and what to speak to whom and how. Culture gives meaning and provides the context for communication, and the ability to communicate allows us to act out our cultural values and to share our languages and our culture.;1) the context of the communicat