新概念二第79课笔记.doc

课堂笔记（一） ? 1）used to do我们用used to do 表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由but now...，but not...any more/any longer 等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。Do you watch television?I used to, but I don t any longer.你看电视吗？我过去常看，但现在不看了。I used to smoke, but I dont any more/any longer.我过去常吸烟，但现在已不吸了。He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他过去是个懒孩子，但现在他很勤奋。 used to 仅用于一般过去时。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do 而用used 本身：Used he to smoke?He usedn t / used not to smoke.did didn t他过去吸烟吗？他从前并不吸烟。但比较常用的形式是did和didnt： Did he use to smoke?He didn t use to smoke.他过去吸烟吗？他从前不吸烟。 在针对used to提问时，一般也用did I used to be a good swimmer.Did you really? I didn t even know you could swim.Did you use to smoke?Yes, I did / used to.我过去是个游泳好手。真的吗？我以前甚至不知道你会游泳。你从前吸烟吗？是的，我吸。 ? would 是另一个用于描述过去经常性行为的词，它与used to有时可以互换，有时则不可以，而且would 需要指出具体时间，used to 则不需要。 （1）当used to 暗示与现在的对照时，不可用would 替换：I used to drink heavily, but I have given up drinking now.我过去喝酒很厉害，但我已戒了。I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now.我过去早饭吃得不多，可现在我吃得很多。（2）当used to 描写过去的状态时，也不可与would 互换，would 只表示过去特有的习惯或行为：I used to be a waiter, but now Im a taxi-driver.我过去是个侍者，但现在我是出租汽车司机。They used to own a car.他们过去有辆车。（3）当used to 不强调与现在的对比时，可与would 互换。但一个故事开头时不用would，必须首先用一般过去时或used to 描述背景，然后用would 表示习惯性动作：When I was a boy we always spent/ used to spend our holidays on a farm.We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows.我小时候经常在农场度假。我们总是5 点起床，帮助挤牛奶。What sort of things did she like doing as a girl?She used to would climb trees whenever she could.她小时候喜欢做些什么事？她一有机会就爬树 be used to 表示“习惯于”，后面跟名词或动名词，be 也可用 get等代替：Im used to shopping alone.我习惯于一个人购物。Im used to getting up early.我习惯于早起。I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker.我开始当面包师不久就习惯早起了。 ? 2）表示“许多”的英语短语：(1)修饰可数名词复数形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large (或great)/small number of等，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。(2)修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的谓语动词用单数形式。(3)既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有 a lot of, lots