2013级地质实习选读.docx

2013级嵩山地质实习报告201319401 2013级嵩山地质实习报告 院校：华北水利水电大学 学院：资源与环境学院 专业：地质工程（灾害管理） 学号：201319401 姓名：wtt 完成日期2014年6月26号  PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT - 9 - 目录 引言···························································································································2 第一章 地层 第一节：新太古界·································································································2 1：石牌河组 2：郭家窑组 3：老羊沟组 第二节：元古界····································································································2 1：罗汉洞组 2：五指岭组 3：庙坡山组 4：花峪组 第三节：古生界····································································································2 （一）寒武系 1：辛集组 2：馒头组 3：张夏组 4：崮山组 （二） 奥陶系 （三） 二叠系 1：下石盒子组 2：上石盒子组 第四节：新生界 ···································································································3 （一）古近系 （二）第四系 第二章 岩性 一 火成岩··············································································································4 1. 花岗岩 2. 辉绿岩 二沉积岩················································································································5 1.砂岩 2.砾岩及角砾岩 三变质岩···············································································································6 1灰岩. 2.石英岩 第三章 构造··············································································································6 （1）断裂 1.节理 2.劈理 3.断层 结束语·······················································································································8 引言 嵩山古老的岩石系形成于23亿年前，此前，嵩山是一望无际的大海，据中外地质学家考察，嵩山岩石发育完整，在地球发展历史上，历太古代、元古代、古生代、中生代、新生代五代，习称为“五世同堂”。嵩山地区的岩浆岩、沉积岩、变质岩的出露，构成了中国最古老的岩系，登封群的“登封朵岩”。据中国地质界测定，这里是世界上稀有的自然地质宝库。据地质学家考察，经过23亿年的“ 嵩阳运动”，8亿年前的“中岳运动”，5、6亿年前“少林运动”，才结束了地质史上的元古代，进入了古生代的寒武纪和奥陶纪。又经过约两亿年，此处地壳上升至海平面以上，因其受风化和剥蚀作用，形成了嵩山地区的含煤地层。两亿三千年前后，中国的版土上，又发生了一次延续很长时间的地壳运动，南北广大地区的“燕山运动”，嵩山地区受到南北方向的推挤，形成了今天的山势地貌。 第一章：地层 地层即地壳上部成带状分布的层状岩石或堆积物，是地壳演化历史的物质记录。时代上讲，地层有老与新，具有时间的概念。 第一节 新太古界 嵩山地区时代最老的底层为新太古界登封群，主要分