3翻译策略.ppt

Literal translation VS. Liberal translation Domestication VS. Foreignization Adaptation VS. Alienation;Literal translation：直译 word for word and line for line; keeping both the form and the content; cling as closely as possible to the source language word order. Liberal/Free translation：意译 sense for sense; scarifying the form while keeping the content and spirit conform to the linguistic and textual norms of the target language and culture.;鳄鱼的眼泪；武装到牙齿； 连锁反应； 君子协定 一国两制； 三教九流；;纸老虎； 断气； 安息； 长眠； 见马克思； 上西天； 上天堂； 吹灯拔蜡； 蹬腿;直译不等于死译(dead translation);It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam’s apple Little fish does not eat big fish 直译：小鱼不吃大鱼； 意译：胳膊拧不过大腿;试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福;有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translation is like dancing in fetters）； 还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。实际上，忠实与通顺的关系是辩证关系。;Possible solution:Be faithful to the original senseBe smooth in the target languageBe faithful to the original form;Summary;Have one foot in the grave 一条腿已迈入坟墓 风烛残年 To spring up like mushrooms 雨后蘑菇 雨后春笋 It’s too early 太早了 八字没一撇 ;Domestication/Adaptation VSForeignization / Alienation（归化与异化）;归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具；在实践上，强调通俗易懂，避免多义或歧义。习惯认为，当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的情况时，“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面，或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法，把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。 归化派代表人物尤金?奈达（Eugene A. Nida）: 功能对等 Functional Equivalence;“The receptors of the translated text could respond to it with comprehension and appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”. “Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”. —— Nida;Spring, the sweet spring is the year’s pleasant king. ——T. Nash 春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜。 ——郭沫若 原诗中的king是一般性说法，没有任何特殊的文化色彩，可是一旦变成了中国古代和平盛世代名词“尧舜”，就染上了强烈的汉民族色彩。;For instance: Spring up like mushrooms 雨后春笋 Everybodys business is nobodys business. 三个和尚无水喝 Among the blind the one -eyed man is king. 山中无老虎，猴子称霸王 as w