Chapter 3 From Morpheme to Phrase12.12.ppt

Chapter 3 From Morpheme to Phrase; Introduction 1. What is a Morpheme? 2. What is word? 3. Word Formation (1): From Morpheme to Word 4. Word Formation (2): Lexical Change 5. Word Group and Phrase;. Introduction; 3.1 What is a Morpheme?;“-un, -ed, -s/es” in English is meaningful, but it cannot be used independently. “习” can only be used with the combination of some other Chinese characters. Morpheme?; reopened tourists friendship unacceptability;3.1.2 Types of morphemes;3.1.2 (1) Free and bound morpheme ;3.1.2 （2）Root, Affix and Stem;3.1.2 （2）Root， Affix and Stem;Inflectional affix (IA) and derivational affix (DA);1） inflectional affixes are generally less productive than derivational affixes, they often add a delicate grammatical function only to the stem. E.g. toys, walks, John’s 2) inflectional affixes do not change the word class of the word they attach to, such as, flower, flowers 3) whether one should add inflectional affixes or not depends very often on other factors within the phrase or sentence 4) most inflectional affixes are suffixes, which are always word final. While derivational affixes can be either prefixes, suffixes or both at the same time. Depart, online Slaver, teacher, workable International, supernational;How do you understand the distinction between IA and DA? Use an example for illustration. ▲ Similarity: both regarding affixes. Differences: the inflectional affixes and Derivational affixes are different in Productivity Meaning change Condition Position See (Hu, 2011:55);Stem（词干） any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an (inflectional) affix can be added; the part of word form which remains when all inflectional affixes(曲折词缀) have been removed. E.g. actors, springboards ;Root, Stem, Base;Task: Analyze the word in terms of root, stem and base.;3.1.3 Morphological change and allomorph;Morphemic conditions Morpheme shapes vary according to both phonological conditions and to the conditions