Lecture 4-主谓一致.ppt

College English Grammar ;Lecture 4;The mansions in which the flat was situated _____ (was, were) a comparatively small one.;Objectives;主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）;1. 语法一致： 主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。 若名词中心词为复数，动词就用复数形式；若名词中心词为单数名词或不可数名词，动词就用单数形式。 Both boys have their own merits. Each boy has his own things to do. Much effort is wasted.;2. 意义一致： 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义：主语在形式上并非复数但有复数意义，动词便用复数；反之，主语在语法上是复数，而在意义上是单数，动词便用单数。 The government have asked the country to decide by a vote. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.;3. 就近原则： 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语（主要指名词）的单、复数形式，这种一致关系所依据的原则就是“就近原则”。 Either my brothers or my father is coming. One or two friends are coming this evening. Neither Julia nor I am going. Cf. The teacher as well as the students ___this painting. A. like B. likes;1. 集体名词作主语的主谓一致 1.1 整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式： army, audience, class, club, offspring, company, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, government, jury, party, staff, team, union, faculty, board, council, Bank of China, the Labour Party, the press, the neighborhood.;The population of the earth is increasing very fast. One third of the population here are workers. The company was set up last year. The company are mostly young men. The school’s teaching staff is / are excellent.;1.2 有生命的集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数： cattle, folk, people, police, youth, mankind, personnel, poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫) The mankind long for peace. The police have not made any arrests. The youth are like the rising sun. Army personnel are not allowed to leave the base.;1.3 无生命的集体名词作主语，谓语动词用单数： machinery, clothing, poetry, jewelry, stationery(文具), underwear, glassware, hardware, merchandise(商品), foliage(叶子), equipment, furniture等 The merchandise has gone through the examination. All of her jewelry was presented by her former husband. The hardware in the store sells well.;2. 以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数： clothes, trousers, shorts(短