Michel Foucault米歇尔·福科.pptx

Michel Foucault米歇尔·福科(1926-- 1984);Life; Served as a cultural diplomat abroad became active in a number of left-wing groups involved in anti-racist campaigns, anti-human rights abuses movements, and the struggle for penal reform 1984 died in Paris of neurological problems compounded by HIV/AIDS. (the first public figure in France to die from the disease, and his partner Daniel Defert founded the AIDES charity in his memory.;work;Foucauldian discourse;Foucauldian Discourse;Foucauldian discourse focusing on power relationships in society as expressed through language and practices, and based on the theories of Michel Foucault. the rules and practices that produced meaningful statements and regulated discourse in different historical periods. Discourse is a group of statements which provide a language for talking about ...a particular topic at a particular historical moment. Discourse, Foucault argues, constructs the topic. It defines and produces the objects of our knowledge. It governs the way that a topic can be meaningfully talked about and reasoned about. nothing which is meaningful exists outside discourse--nothing has any meaning outside of discourse ;Power;Power; Definitions of power power is not a thing but a relation power is not simply repressive but it is productive power is not simply a property of the State. Power is not something that is exclusively localized in government and the State (which is not a universal essence). Rather, power is exercised throughout the social body. power operates at the most micro levels of social relations. Power is omnipresent无所不在的 at every level of the social body. the exercise of power is strategic and war-like ;就权力和知识而言，权力是无所不在，而权力的策略产生了知识，权力与知识之间有着一种微妙的关系。事实上，人文科学是伴随权力机制而产生的，知识的作用就是保护个体的生存，并对外部世界加以理解，知识通过理解活动构成现代人生存的手段。 知识在传统人文语境里，是普遍客观的，而在福柯语境里，知识脱去了“真理”的外衣，失去了救世主的光环，被还原为话语实践的产物。;Knowledge;在传统观念里，主体先于历史，先于它自身的处境，权力被视为它拥有或反对的东西，而话语则是它表达自身意义的一种媒介。 而在福柯看来，权力关系既???意向性的，又是无主体的。意向性是指权力总是有着它的目的，任何权力都有其