动词不定式的特征及种类.doc

动词不定式的特征和种类 形式； To do to have done to be doing to have been doing To be done to have been done A． 不定式的一般式? 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语 的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。? He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。（同时发生） ? B．不定式的进行式? 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作。 ? It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。 ? C. 不定式的完成式 ? 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。? Im sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。 D. 不定式的完成进行式? 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。? He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。 E. 不定式的被动形式? 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。 1．一般式 to be done? These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。 ? 2．完成式 to have been done? The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。? F. 不定式的否定形式-------? 不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。? We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们决定不出去。?? 不定式结构作主语 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To persevere means victory! 注①：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置： It’s a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 不定式结构作表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 2．主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. My suggestion is to start work at once. What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，如： All we have to do is push the button. The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. All I could do was send him a telegram. 不定式结构作动词宾语 这类动词常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean,