物理专业英语名词解析.docx

专业英语 PAGE4 / NUMPAGES4 part one mechanics力学 chapter 1 kinematics—uniformly accelerated motion运动学，匀加速运动 frame of reference: 参照系 position vector and displacement 位置向量和位移 speed velocity 速度 instantaneous velocity瞬时速度 velocity components速度分量 acceleration 加速度 graphical interpretation图像释义 uniformly accelerated motion along a straight line 匀加速直线运动 acceleration due to gravity (g) 重力加速度 projectile problems落体问题 relative motion相对运动 chapter 2 dynamics-- newtons laws of motion动力学 - 牛顿运动定律 general properties of forces in mechanics:力的基本性质 1 the law of universal gravitation万有引力定律 2the weight 重量 3 the tensile force 拉力 4 the normal force 法向力 5 the friction force 摩擦力 6 dimensional analysis三维分析 chapter 3 equilibrium平衡 concurrent forces共点力are forces whose lines of action all pass through a common point. the forces acting on a point object are concurrent because they all pass through the same point, the point object. equilibrium 平衡 rigid body刚体 the torque (or moment) 转矩或力矩 the two conditions for equilibrium 平衡的两个条件 the center of gravity 重心 axis轴 chapter 4 work and energy功和能 kinetic energy (ke) 动能 conservative force保守力 ⑵ gravitational (weight) potential energy (peg) 重力（重量）势能 ⑵ elastic potential energy 弹性势能 the efficiency 效率 chapter 5 impulse and momentum the linear momentum 冲量与动量 an impulse 冲量 collisions and explosions碰撞和爆炸 a perfectly elastic collision 完全弹性碰撞 coefficient of restitution恢复系数 the center of mass重心 chapter 6 rotation转动 the angular speed 角速度 the angular acceleration 角加速度 tangential 【数】切线;正切 centripetal acceleration ( )加速度 the centripetal force 向心力 chapter 7 rigid-body rotation刚体转动 the moment of inertia 转动惯量 parallel-axis theorem平行轴定理 chapter 8 elasticity弹性 elasticity弹性;弹力 the stress 【物】应力[u][c] strain 应变 the elastic limit弹性极限 the shear modulus 切变模量 standard atmospheric pressure标准大气压 the hydrostatic pressure静水压力 equation of continuity连续性方程 the viscosity 粘度 spring弹簧 a restoring force 恢复力 simple harmonic motion 简谐运动 vibratory