of studies 培根.ppt

Of Studies 论读书 by Francis Bacon ?;Outline;1.Introduction of the author;Main idea: Sir?Francis?Bacons?essay?Of?Studies?discusses?the?benefits?of?studying.?Its?purpose?is?to?persuade?us?to? study?as?well?as?to?instruct?us?on?how?to?study?if?we? are?to?make?the?best?of?what?we?read. He?does?this?by?using?many? rhetorical?devices?and? substantiations?to?prove?his? arguments.?;Of Studies 王佐良先生译文;STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; (a retiring room 休息室) 其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时； for ornament, is in discourse; 其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中； and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition部署of business. 其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节， but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. 然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。;To spend too much time in studies is sloth; 读书费时过多易惰， to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; 文采藻饰太盛则矫， to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor怪僻的行为of a scholar. 全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足， for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning, by study; 盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接； and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。;Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书， for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. 然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。 Read not to contradict and confute驳斥; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; 书有可浅尝者，有可