情态动词语法理论基础及辨析.ppt

情 态 动 词 要点精析;情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。 一、表示许可 may, might, can, could 在口语中可用can，could代替may，但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。May/Can/Could/Might I have a talk with you?　　我可以和你谈谈吗？－Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗？－Yes, go ahead.可以，用吧。???? (或Yes, you can.但不能说Yes, you could.) ☆ May I ...? 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答：肯定回答 否定回答 Certainly. No, you mustnt.(具有强烈禁止的意思) Yes, please. No, you cant.(最常见) Yes, of course. Please dont./Youd better not. Sure. I dont think you can. Go ahead, please. Im sorry its not allowed.;二、表请求 may, might, will, would －May/Might I come into the room to see my mother?　　我可以进房间看我母亲吗？－No, you mustnt. She needs to have a good rest.　　不，你不能进。她需要好好休息。 will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议等。would比will委婉客气。Will you share your happiness with us?　　你可以把你的欢乐与我们共享吗？ ☆ Will/Would you ...? 表示请求和建议的答复：肯定回答 否定回答 Yes, please. 是的，请。 Im sorry. I cant. 对不起，不行。 Certainly. 当然可以。 No, thank you. 不，谢谢。 Sure. 当然了。 No, I wont. 不，不行。 All right. 好啊！;三、表能力 can, could 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。The cinema can seat 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳1000人。I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old.　　我七岁时连如此简单的书也看不懂。 ☆ can与be able to的区别①can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape.【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.②be able to比can有更多形式。When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.③could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。 When we went into the house, we could smell something burning.④在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。【误】Look! Im able to swim.【正】Look! I can swim.　　　;四、表示习惯 will, would, used to will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。