Unit1ThewrittenwordGrammarandusage(牛津译林版选修8）.ppt

Unit 1;Unit 1 The written word Grammar and usage;Negative words and negative statements;Look at the following sentences, Are these sentences true? If not, how to correct them?;Shanghai is not the capital city of China. Beijing is the capital city of China.;Read the guidelines and answer.;3. What are the kinds of negative statements?;(4)using no, neither, none or nothing to from complete negation (5) partial negation: words like all, both, everyone and everything are used in negative sentences;You might not (mightn’t) have been written last week.;It’s not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper. ;Conclusion 2:;Tip：;Your actions were not inexcusable, but they were certainly not appropriate. i.e. Your actions were excusable, but certainly not appropriate. It is not uncommon for him to be late.;Not many people heard the speech. i.e. Very few people heard the speech.;More examples:;I wonder whether/ if I shouldn’t bring it. i.e. I wonder whether/ if I should bring it.;3) extra negative in if-clauses Sometimes we use negative expressions with the words whether and if to show our doubt about a situation. These are more casual and are usually used in spoken English.;Tip:;More examples:; Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. The classics are far from disappearing. Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say. Unless you read the novel yourself, you will never know what happens at the end. Joe would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.;Conclusion 5:;More examples:;5) When words like all, both, everyone and everything are used in negative sentences, they form partial negation.;总结： 陈述句的否定形式主要有以下几种形式： 1. not加在情态动词、be动词等的后面 e.g. She could not answer the question. She is not a teacher.;2. 若谓语动词是行为动词，前面又没有 助动词或情态动词，需在谓语动词之前加上助动词再加否定词not。 e.g. She doesn’t want to go to the park. I haven’t finished my homework.　;3. 用带有否定意义的词来表示否定。 这类词有：no, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never, hardly,