11英语平行结构[parallelism]和汉语排比.doc

PAGE  PAGE 10 第十一章 英语平行结构（parallelism）和汉语排比 本章内容概览： 英语平行结构就是两个或两个以上结构相同，意义并重的语言单位排列成串，其目的在于增强语势，提高修辞效果。它是英语结构修辞的一种重要形式，体现的是英语行文的均衡美。常见的有词的平行，短语的平行，从句的平行，句子的平行，段落的平行。平行结构（parallelism）可以用来写人、写事、抒情、议论、叙事、列举、描述、阐释和演讲等。汉语排比和英语平行结构（parallelism）相比，虽然其修辞功能相同，但在语言单位的大小和排列数量上有不同的要求，因此不能把两者混淆。 Abstract: Parallelism is the juxtaposition of two or more identical or equivalent syntactic constructions, especially those expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications, introduced for rhetorical effect. The common forms tend to be the parallelism of words, phrases, clauses, sentences or paragraphs. Chinese Pai-bi and English parallelism should not be confused, since they are quite different in some aspects. 老师：下面是一组句子，同学们看看是否有改进的余地？ 1. The Writing Center needs tutors who are ambitious, who are self-motivated, and who are dedicated. 2. Clear writing should be a major concern both of writers and readers. 3. The coach told the players that they should get a lot of sleep, that they should not eat too much, and to do some warm-up exercises before the game. 4. The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, that there would be time for him to show his slide presentation, and that questions would be asked by prospective buyers. 学生：老师，例1有点罗嗦。三个定语从句有必要都重复“who are…”吗？是不是这样改更简洁一些？ 1a The Writing Center needs tutors who are ambitious, self-motivated, and dedicated. 1b The Writing Center needs tutors who have ambition, motivate themselves, and exhibit dedication. 老师：是的，这样一改，句子既简洁又平衡。1a中， 三个形容词一行排开， 构成平行结构： 形容词1（ambitious） + 形容词2 （self-motivated）+ 形容词3（dedicated）。或者改成1b的句式也很不错，因为定语从句中三个动词词组作从句谓语同样也构成平行结构： 动词词组1（have ambition）+动词词组2（motivate themselves）+动词词组3（exhibit dedication），给人一种平衡美。 学生：例2有点问题。Both…and…叫作并列连词，连接的应该是两个结构一样的词，或者结构一样的短语。但这里连接的却是of writers和readers，一个是介词+名词，另一个是名词。从结构上看是两个迥异的成分，破坏了句式的平衡美。应该改成如下的形式： 2a Clear writing should be a major concern of both writers and readers. 2b Clear writing should be a major concern both of writers and of readers