Intelligencetesting智力测试.docxVIP

Intelligence testing 智力测试 Who are you calling bird-brained? 叫谁是笨蛋呢？ An attempt is being made to devise a universal intelligence test 人类正尝试设计一种通用的智力测验 WHAT is the IQ of a chimpanzee? Or a worm? Or a game-show-winning computer program? Or even an alien from the planet Zaarg who can learn any human language in a day, can beat grandmasters ten at a time and can instantly factor the products of large prime numbers? 黑猩猩、蠕虫或用于智力竞赛的计算机程序，甚至是来自Zaarg星球的外星人外星人能在一天内学会任何一门人类语言，每次都能赢棋类大师10分，能立即分解出大质数的因子，它们的智商是多少呢？ At the moment it is impossible to say. 当问到这类问题，没有人能回答出来。 IQ tests depend on language, and even Watson, a computer program that beat two human contestants in a special edition of “Jeopardy!”on February 16th, does not have a perfect command of English. IQ测试依赖于语言，而且就算是Watson系统对英语也不是了如指掌2月16日，Watson系统在美国智力竞赛Jeopardy!的特别节目中击败了两名人类对手。 In any case there is, at the moment, no meaningful scale on which non-human intelligence can be compared with the human sort. 但不管怎么样，现在还没有一个有意义的标尺能用于任何非人类和人类智商的比较。 The most famous test for artificial intelligence is that devised by Alan Turing, a British computing pioneer. 最著名的人工智力测试是由英国计算科学先驱阿兰图灵设计的。 To pass the Turing test, and thus be considered intelligent, a program must fool a human being into believing that it is another human being. 为了通过图灵测试，机器中的程序必须使对方误以为它也是一个人类， But the Turing test still requires the program to share a language with the tester and, because it is all or nothing, cannot be used to rank different forms of artificial intelligence against one another. 且如果机器通过了测试，该机器就被认为是人工智能。但图灵测试仍要求程序和测试者使用相同的语言。并且由于测试的结果是“是”或者“否”，因此不能用于不同形式人工智能间的评级。 José Hernández-Orallo of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, in Spain, and David Dowe of Monash University, in Australia, think they can do better than this. 来自西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学的José Hernández-Orallo和澳大利亚莫纳什大学的David Dowe认为他们能设计出比图灵更完善的测试。 They believe not only that a universal scale of intelligence can be devised, but also that it can be assessed without reference to language. 他们相信不仅能设计出可通用的智商标