打印记叙文描写文说明文.doc

记叙文Narration—A narrative is an account of an event or a series of events. 记叙文的写作原则： ○事件的叙述应连贯而符合逻辑。通常按照时间顺序，也可以用倒叙，但不可滥用。事件之间用过渡性词语来连接。 ○仔细选择细节。所选的细节应切中主题。如你想描述早上出门后发生的某件不同寻常的事，就不必包括诸如一下的细节：手拿鞋刷，挤鞋油，先刷鞋尖，后刷鞋跟。 ○既要介绍也要描写。 用各种事件和对话来说明主题要比事件的性质更令人感兴趣。如描写一个人把小孩的玩具往墙上扔，要比只说“琼斯先生是个顽皮的人”更有效。 ○为你的主题和读者选择一种叙述的人称(point of view)。人称多用第一人称和第三人称。第一人称适用于主题较小的且与自己有关的事情（it is about what we ourselves have seen or experienced），似乎显得真实亲切(lifelike)，但用第一人称不能同时讲述不是自己所见所经历的事情（a first-person narrator cannot tell events that happen in different places at the same time）。第三人称则不受此限制，而且似乎更全面和客观(wide and objective)，但要写好却难于把握，因为事件的顺序不易安排(it is not easy to put in order things that happen to different people in different places)。 人称的选择取决于你的读者对象和写作的目的。显然，在叙述一次实验和一场足球赛时应采用不同的人称和态度。 ○记叙要切中主题。对一个事件的叙述不要过宽。（改编自于晓丹，李宝东《英语写作》（英语本科段）第21页，中华书局） Five aspects in a Narrative: (丁往道) To sum up, when planning a narrative, we should consider five aspects: purpose, selection of details, context, organization, and point of view. Purpose We must have a purpose in telling a story. The purpose may be to teach a lesson, to give a warning, to illustrate a concept, to prove a theory, to praise a virtue, to condemn a vice, etc. we should make sure that the total effect of our narrative, or the final impression it leaves on the reader , agrees with our purpose. To achieve this, we must choose details and design the plot of our story carefully. Selection of details A narrative is made up of details. When writing a narrative, we should provide enough details to let the reader know what happens as well as our purpose in telling the story. Only relevant details, or things that help to bring out the main ideas of the narrative, are useful and effective. So when selecting details, we should bear in mind our purpose in writing the narrative. 3) Context When we write a narrative, we should first make clear when, where, and to whom the action in our narrative happened. The background knowledge will help the reader understand the narr