二语习得引论 读书笔记 chapter 3.docx

主要研究成果 Chapter 3. The linguistics of SLA Ⅰ. The nature of language Ⅱ. Early approaches to SLA Contrastive Analysis (CA) 1). as a beginning of the survey: aspects of its procedures are still incorporated in more recent approaches. It introduced the influence of L1 on L2 (Chomsky) 2). CA: an approach to the study of SLA which involves predicting and explaining learner problems based on a comparison of L1 and L2 to determine similarities and differences. (Based on idealized linguistic structures attributed to native speakers of L1 and L2) 3). influenced by Structuralism and Behaviorism. 4). Goal of CA was primarily pedagogical in nature: to increase efficiency in L2 teaching and testing. 5). Process: Describing L1 and L2 at different level Analyzing comparable segment of the language for elements that may cause problems for learners (interference) Types of interferenceExamplessame form and meaning; different distribution las palomas blancas (Spanish) the white dovessame meaning; different form kitties 小猫们 same meaning; different form and distribution water (n. v.) 水（名 ）different form; partial overlap in meaningleg 腿，蹄，下肢 similar form; different meaningasistir (Spanish “to attend”) assist (English “to help”) 6). Assessment: Cannot explain the logical problem of language learning (how learners know more than they’ve heard and been taught) Not always validated by evidence from actual learner errors. Stimulated the preparation of comparative grammar Its analytic procedures have been usefully applied to descriptive studies and to translation Error analysis (EA) 1). EA: the first approach to the study of SLA which includes an internal focus on learner’s creative ability to construct language. (based on the description and analysis of actual learner errors in L2) 2). CA→EA Predictions by CA not always correct; many real learner errors are not transferred from L1 Focus on surface-level forms and patterns→underlying rules Behaviorism→mentalism (emphasi