虚拟语气教学.doc

PAGE  PAGE 6 高二英语难点分析与总结——虚拟语气 一、考纲要求　　根据考纲的要求，虚拟语气部分主要考查情态动词的选择、虚拟语气在条件句中、在名词性从句中、在简单句中或在日常交际中的使用等基本用法。　　二、命题导向　　依据语境来判断虚拟语气的不同形式是高考试题的主要设题方法之一。在近年的高考试题中，出现了对陈述语气与虚拟语气辨析的考查。虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用是该部分的重点掌握内容。　　三、知识要点　　虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，说话人陈述的并不是事实，而是表达一种愿望、假设和猜测等。只有在非真实的条件句中才使用虚拟语气，如果假设的条件有可能实现，用真实条件句。如果假设的条件无法实现或实现的可能性很小，则用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气的情况主要有下列几种：　　1. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用　　(1) if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气　　非真实条件句表示不可能实现的或实现的可能性很小假设。条件句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态形式有三种：　　①表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“动词过去式(be一般用were)”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。例如：　　If you were the UN Secretary General, could you stop the wars on the earth?　　If he had a chance, he would/should/ might/could choose to study abroad。　　②表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语动词用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。　　If Li Ming had spent more time on her studies, she might/would/could/should have been admitted to Tsinghua University last year。　　③表示一种假设在将来实现的可能性很小或者根本无法实现，从句谓语动词可用三种形式：①动词过去式 ②were to +动词原形 ③should+动词原形，主句谓语动词用：should (would, could, might)+动词原形。　　⑵ 省略连词if 的虚拟条件句中　　如果把连接条件从句的连词if省略，必须将从句的谓语部分的助动词had, 情态动词should或系动词were等移至主语之前，构成倒装语序。例如：　　Had he known my address(=If he had known my address)， he would have visited me earlier。　　Should I meet Jay Zhou some day(=If I should meet Jay Zhou some day)， I might tell him that I like him.　　Were I you(=If you were I)， I would get on well with my teachers and classmates。【记忆小窍门】可提到句首的词有三个：had, should和were。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。　　⑶含蓄虚拟条件句　　有时，可不用条件句表示一个非真实的条件，而用一些介词短语或通过上下文中暗含某种非真实的条件，这种句子叫做“含蓄条件句”。例如：　　①通过with, without, but for和动词不定式短语等表示虚拟的条件　　She’d look better with shorter hair. =if she had her hair cut shorter　　Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help…　　But for the heavy snow, I could have gone on holiday. =If there had not been the heavy snow…　　She would be shocked to hear the news. =If she heard the news…　　It would be easier to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way…　　②句中含有or, or e