语法讲解：宾语补足语.doc

PAGE3 / NUMPAGES3 语法讲解：宾语补足语 宾补的定义：有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型： 1. 名词（或代词）+名词 She found him a very clever boy. 2. 名词（或代词）+形容词 He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. 3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语 Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. 4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语） I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. I was absent-minded when I heard my name called. 注意： 在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语： 1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。 She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking. 2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。 eg: Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late. 他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。 3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等, 例如: She was seen running away from the scene of the crime. 有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。 I saw you put the key in your pocket. 我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。 5. 名词（或代词）+不定式 1).to do The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.（ask tell beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade） 2) 省略 to 的不定式 使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题： 1）、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。 2）、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。 3）、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。 6. 名词（或代词）+从句 We will make our hometown what your hometown is now. 7. 常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式： 1） with＋名词／代词＋形容词 It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full． 满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌