定语从句 笔记整理.doc

定语从句 授课人：Prof. Wooden Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。 Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词） that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）. ※定语从句两个必须 ★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句 项目 关系词关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用关系代词that人/物主语、宾语、表语which物/事主语、宾语、表语who人主语、宾语whom人宾语whose人/物定语as人/物/事情主语、宾语、表语1. 关系代词that的用法 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物) ※关系代词that的特权和禁区 1. 特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）； （2）介词没有提前。 2. 禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）； （2）介词提前时。 2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有介词时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。 (4)当先行词本身是that时。 That which I ha