高考阅读理解题考题种种.doc

专题（ 五） 高考阅读理解题考题种种 ?　阅读理解是考查考生语言知识综合运用能力的试题。它要求考生既能掌握阅读材料的主旨大意，又能掌握说明主旨大意的事实细节；既能理解具体事实，又能理解抽象概念；既能理解字面意思，又能理解深层含义；既能理解单个句段意义，又能理解通篇逻辑关系。要达到这样的要求我们有必要研究一下阅读题的题型结构，纵观近几年高考阅读题，我们可以把阅读题型分为两大类：主观题和客观题。主观题包括：词义判断题、主旨大意题、逻辑推理题、标题判断题、作者意图判断题； 客观题是指细节信息判断题。 （１）词义判断题是检查考生对生词的理解判断能力，在确定词汇的内涵时候我们可借助上下文判断与确定语意最接近的词汇或句型，根据语意的递进、转折、对比等特定语境确定应选的词汇；可借助过度词根据前后的句意反差，确定有关词汇或句型，还可以根据语段之间的逻辑关系，确定有关词汇。以2004年高考题天津卷为例，第70小题是一道词义判断题，需要考生根据上下文对词义加以判断，考生需要阅读collisions前后的语句，即：“Researchers are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids to aviation control.”可以得知，航班的大量增加给飞行员及地勤人员造成很大压力，这就自然导致机场及周边地区不断增长的飞行事故。本题答案A项是最贴切的。又如：第62小题考查词义判断题。原文第五节中，年轻有为的Schipper回忆起，她五年前和Gould相见时的情况时说，“…Shane had come along to talk to us and watch us train. It seemed as if we had long been good friends. I don’t know why. We just started talking and it went from there.”那时，她们互相交谈，Shane还看她们训练，好像她们已是多年的老朋友似的。Schipper解释她都不清楚为什么她们从交谈中产生了解和友情。故it 意为the friendship最贴切。 （２）主旨大意题通常是指考查文章的中心思想， 考查文章的主题、立意、中心观点、基本观点。不少文章一开头便展示文章的的主题， 如新闻报导等；，有些文章中心思想常常贯穿于全文， 要弄清文章的中心思想，考生必须具备归纳和概括方面的能力。例如： On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle . The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager , for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in “ the kingdom of bicycles “. Robert Friedlander , an American , arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Belhi , India . When he was 11 , he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road . Now , after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true . Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地)were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urimqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan. 考题 The best headline ( 标题) for this newspaper