文学 象徵主义Symbolism in Literature.pptVIP

文學的 象徵主義Symbolism in Literature 董 崇 選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人 網址：dgdel.nchu.edu.tw I. 何謂 Symbol? An object, animate or inanimate, that represents something else. 代表他物者 Scales (天秤) symbolizes justice (公正). A dove (鴿子) stands for peace (和平). The clenched fist (握拳): aggression (侵略) Words, spoken or written, are all symbols. A symbol can be public or private, universal or local. A rose (玫瑰) as a beauty (美人) is public and universal. Stars (星星) as reason is private and local. (Blake) I. 何謂 Symbol? A symbol involves comparison like simile or metaphor. The lily (百合花) vs. purity (清純): white clean A symbol is not so definite in meaning as an allegory. Christian (基督徒) passes through the Slough of Despond (沮喪之沼澤) and Vanity Fair (虛榮市集) and arrives at the Celestial City (天國之城).  --Allegory in Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress. Gregor finds himself turned into a big cockroach (蟑螂).  --Symbol in Kafka’s Metamorphosis. II. Symbolism as a Movement: Primarily in literature (esp., poetry), also in other arts. (見畫) Beginning in France in the latter part of the 19th C. A movement against Realism and Naturalism. 反寫實 Moréas’s manifesto: “le Symbolisme” To clothe the idea in perceptible form. 以 可覺知的形式 衣著觀念。 II. Symbolism as a Movement: Influenced by Swedenborg’s theory of correspondences (對應論) and Schopenhauer’s pessimistic aesthetics (悲觀美學). There are correspondences between the natural ( physical), the spiritual, and the divine worlds. We are ever living with sufferings under the Will-to-life, and Art serves as a contemplative refuge (思想的庇護) from the world of Will. III. Key Ideas of Symbolism: Using concrete images (具象) as symbols (象徵) to express an emotion or an abstract idea, to represent an ideal world, or to suggest another plane of reality (實体面). The poet is a kind of seer (先知) or voyant (先覺) who could see through and beyond the real world to the world of ideal forms and essences. Usin