【2017年整理】George Bernard Shaw.ppt

George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳（George Bernard Shaw, 1856－1950），出生于爱尔兰都柏林，16岁走上社会参加工作，20岁立下当作家的志向并为此来到伦敦，但作品多次被出版商拒之门外。1891年萧伯纳观看易卜生《玩偶之家》，深为感动，决定从事戏剧创作，继续易卜生的事业。从19世纪90年代至一战前夕，萧伯纳创作了18出戏剧，包括有著名的《武器与人》（Arms and the Man，1894）、《华伦夫人的职业》（Mrs Warrens Profession, 1898）、《人与超人》（Man and Superman, 1903）、《英国佬的另一个岛》（John Bulls Other Island, 1904）、《巴巴拉少校》（Major Barbara, 1905）、《皮格马利翁》（Pygmalion, 1913）以及《圣女贞德》（Saint Joan, 1924）等。 这些剧作大都已进入经典剧目之列，至今仍不时出现在舞台上。1925年萧伯纳获诺贝尔文学奖。此后他依然笔耕不辍，写有《苹果车》（The Apple Cart, 1929）等剧作，直至去世前仍在写作。与易卜生一样，萧伯纳把戏剧看成为了达到一个目的的手段。这个目的不是仅供人娱乐，而是鞭挞社会，因此他的剧作思想性较强，往往摒弃情节而注重讨论。萧伯纳的剧作沉稳明朗、针贬时弊、语多深刻，标志着英国戏剧复兴的成就，是20世纪英国戏剧史上的里程碑之一。 George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950) was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60 plays. Nearly all his writings address prevailing social problems, but have a vein of comedy which makes their stark themes more palatable认同. Shaw examined education, marriage, religion, government, health care, and class privilege. He was most angered by what he perceived as the exploitation of the working class. An ardent热烈 socialist, Shaw wrote many brochures and speeches for the Fabian Society. He became an accomplished orator演讲家 in the furtherance of its causes, which included gaining equal rights for men and women, reducing abuses of the working class, rescinding撤销 private ownership of productive land, and promoting healthy lifestyles. For a short time he was active in local politics, serving on the London County Council伦敦郡议会. He is the only person to have been awarded both a Nobel Prize for Literature (1925) and an Oscar (1938), for his contributions to literature and for his work on the film Pygmalion (adaptation of his play of the same name), respectively. Shaw wanted to refuse his Nobel Prize outright becau