大气污染操纵Lecture5MeteorologyforairpollutioncontrolEngineers.ppt

Air Pollution Questions for the Last Lecture Answer Lecture 5 Meteorology for air pollution  control Engineers Ⅰ Relationship between meteorology and air pollution (2) Important meteorology elements on air pollution High smokestack High smokestack (3) The atmosphere (3) The atmosphere Ⅱ Effects of horizontal atmospheric motion on  atmospheric stability (1) Equatorial heating, polar cooling (2) Effects of earth’s rotation Ⅲ Effects of vertical atmospheric motion on atmospheric stability (2) Factors that affect vertical motion Factors that affect vertical motion Question (3) Dry adiabatic lapse rate (干绝热直减率) Dry adiabatic lapse rate (3) Dry adiabatic lapse rate ( ) Dry adiabatic lapse rate ( ) (4) Standard lapse rate (标准直减率) Standard lapse rate (标准直减率) Standard lapse rate ( ) (4) Standard lapse rate ( ) (5) Atmospheric stability Atmospheric stability (5) Atmospheric stability ( a ) unstable ( b ) neutral ( c ) stable ( d ) very stable Temperature inversion Temperature inversion Other two factors that affect vertical motion Other two factors that affect vertical motion Ⅳ Mixing Height (混合高度) Ⅳ Fumigation(薰烟扩散) P113, Figure 5.15 summary This Lecture and the Next Lecture Homework DISCUSSION T Z temperature inversion a Z Z T T 300m 300m 10°C 21°C ( a ) Dawn ( b ) Dawn + 2h Vertical temperature distribution model at the various time . 0 0 Z Z T T 300m 1800m 27°C ( c ) Dawn + 4h ( d ) Midafternoon Vertical temperature distribution model at the various time . 0 0 30°C RH = humidity saturation humidity The ratio of the water content of the air M≈29－0.253RH ρ= PM / TR RH M ρ RH ( Relative Humidity) a Vertical distance P( Pressure) P ρ a = －ρg dP dz Dry adiabatic lapse rate ( ) is used to describe the temperature decrease of an air parcel when the air parcel rise. Standard lapse rate ( ) is used to describe the temperature decrease of surroun