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Vitamins and Microelements Introduction Definition organic substances , essential in the diet in small amounts that are involved in fundamental functions of the body Section I??????? Lipid-soluble Vitamins Common features ﹡nonpolar (hydrophobic) isoprene derivative ﹡poorly soluble in water，but good in fat and fat solvents ﹡existing with the lipids in food products and absorbing with the lipids ﹡ specifically binding to lipoprotein and certain binding-protein in blood and transportation Classification: VitA, VitD, VitE, VitK Vitamin A Synthesis and decomposition of Rhodopsin  and relation to retinal Vitamin E （Tocopherol） biochemical function and deficiency anti-oxidation Vitamin E: antioxidant ROO· ? RH ? ROOH ? R· （Peroxide free radical ） （polyunsaturated fatty acids ）（organic peroxide ）（organic free radical） R· ? O2 ? ROO· ROO·+Vit E-OH?ROOH?Vit E-O· Maintaining reproduction Promoting metabolism of Hb (?- amino-?- levulinate synthase ALA) Section Ⅱ Water-soluble Vitamins The Process of Aerobic Oxidation of Carbohydrates （一）oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) FMN： 6、7-dimethyl-isoalloxazine ribotol FAD 6、7-dimethyl-isoalloxazine adenine ribotol ribose Phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid Vitamin B3 (nicotin acid, nicotinamid, Vitamin PP) NAD+ and NADP+ nicotinamide adenine ribose ribose-（ Phosphoric aci