国外社会心理学教学课件3.ppt

Sensation and Perception Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Learning Objective Menu LO 3.1 Sensation and how it enters central nervous system LO 3.2 How some sensations are ignored LO 3.3 Light LO 3.4 How parts of the eye work together LO 3.5 How eyes see and how eyes see color LO 3.6 Sound LO 3.7 How parts of ear work together to hear sounds LO 3.8 Hearing impairment LO 3.9 How to help people with hearing impairment LO 3.10 How senses of taste and smell work LO 3.11 Sense of touch and experiencing pain LO 3.12 How body knows it is moving and balanced LO 3.13 Perception and perceptual constancies LO 3.14 Gestalt principles of perception LO 3.15 How the world is perceived in three dimensions LO 3.16 How visual illusions work LO 3.17 Factors that influence perception Sensation Sensation - the activation of receptors in the various sense organs. Sensory receptors - specialized forms of neurons. Sense organs: eyes ears nose skin taste buds Sensory Thresholds Just noticeable difference (jnd or the difference threshold) - the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time. Absolute threshold - the smallest amount of energy needed for a person to consciously detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time it is present. Subliminal Sensation Subliminal stimuli - stimuli that are below the level of conscious awareness. Just strong enough to activate the sensory receptors but not strong enough for people to be consciously aware of them. Limin - “threshold” Sublimin - “below the threshold.” Subliminal perception – process by why subliminal stimuli act upon the unconscious mind, influencing behavior. Habituation and Sensory Adaptation Habituation - tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information. Sensory adaptation - tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging. Saccades - constant movement of the eyes, tiny little vibrations called that people do no