星形胶质细胞与认知功能的研究进展.pdf

解剖科学进展　Progress of Anatomical Sciences　2014 May, 20(3): 283~287 星形胶质细胞与认知功能的研究进展 1 2* 3 田乃元 ，吴 旭 ，卢 岩 （中国医科大学 1. 2010年七年制临床医学，辽宁 沈阳 110001； 2. 法医学院法医病理学教研室，辽宁 沈阳 110001；3. 附属盛京医院实验研究中心，辽宁 沈阳 110004） 【摘要】　星形胶质细胞可通过调节突触可塑性、与神经元之间形成代谢偶联和维持神经系统内环境稳态 等影响机体认知功能，并在以认知功能障碍为主要表现的精神疾病、神经退行性疾病和术后认知功能障碍等病 理状态下发挥重要作用。激活的星形胶质细胞产生并释放胶质递质、细胞因子和神经营养因子等，发挥神经损 伤和保护的双重作用。本文结合近年来研究，综述星形胶质细胞对机体认知功能的影响，以期为相关疾病的临 床治疗提供新的思路。 【中图分类号】　Q421　【文献标志码】　A　【文章编号】　1006-2947(2014)03-0283-05 Progress of the astrocytes and cognitive function 1 2* 3 TIAN Nai-yuan , WU Xu , LU Yan （1. 2010 Clinical Medicine of Seven-year Program, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001; 2. Department of Forensic Pathology，School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001; 3. Research Center, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China） 【 Abstract】 　Astrocytes can affect the cognitive function by regulating synaptic plasticity, forming metabolic coupling with neurons and maintaining the homeostasis of the nervous system, and also play an important role in the pathologic process of the diseases characterized by cognitive impairments, such as mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Activated astrocyte can produce and release gliotransmitters, cytokines and neurotrophins, and play a dual role in nerve damage and protection. This review summarized the effect of astrocytes on the cognitive function in order to provide ne