高中化学方程式辉阢总大全(含离子式).doc

一、非金属单质（F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H）1、氧化性：F2+H2===2HF (阴暗处爆炸)??????????????????????????? F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2???? 2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4 ?(XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)???? 2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2 (水是还原剂)????????? 2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2 ?????????????????????????? F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2 ?????????????????????????????? 7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7 F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF (ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO )3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3 (ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3 ) Cl2+H2 2HCl (将H2在Cl2点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸) 3Cl2+2P 2PCl3 ???????????? Cl2+PCl3 PCl5 ?????? Cl2+2Na 2NaCl 3Cl2+2Fe 2FeCl3 ????????? Cl2+Cu CuCl2 Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3 ?(在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl )Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2? ??????????????? ?Cl2+2Br =2Cl +Br2 Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2 ????????????????????? ??Cl2+2I =2Cl +I2 3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3?? 3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3– 5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl ??????? 5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+ Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓ ????????????????? Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓ Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓ ??(水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓ Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl ??????? Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl– ? Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2 ????????????????????? Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O22O2+3Fe Fe3O4????? ?????? O2+K===KO2S+H2 H2S ???????????? ?????? 2S+C CS2 ???????????? ?????? S+Zn ZnS S+Fe ?FeS (既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)? S+2Cu Cu2S (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)3S+2Al Al2S3 (只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取) N2+3H2 2NH3??????? N2+3Mg Mg3N2 ??? ?????? N2+3Ca Ca3N2N2+3Ba Ba3N2 ????????????? N2+6Na 2Na3N ???? ?????? N2+6K 2K3NN2+6Rb 2Rb3N ??????????? N2+2Al 2AlN???????????????? P4+6H2 4PH3 ??????? P+3Na Na3P ??????????????? 2P+3Zn Zn3P2 H2+2Li 2LiH2、还原性S+O2 SO2???????????????????? S+H2SO4(浓) 3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓) H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O ??? S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+ 3S+4HNO3(稀) 3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O ??? 3S+4H++4 3SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O2 ?2NO ????????????? 4P+5O2 P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2 2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2） ???? PX3+X2 PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓) 4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2F2 CF4??????????????????? C+2Cl2 CCl4 ???????? ?C+O2(足量) CO2???????????????????????? 2C+O2(少量) 2CO C+CO2 2CO ??????????????? C+H2O CO+H2(生成水煤气)2C+SiO