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大学英语课堂教学设计 有效教学 感悟 设计 感悟 理论 实践 * 大学英语课堂教学设计 王海啸 2016 ? 南京 要 目 Theories of Learning Curriculum Design Lesson Planning Methods and Approaches Sample Teaching Desings Theories of Learning Theories of Learning PSYCHOLOGY-BASED LEARNING THEORY The 20th century debate on how people learn has focused largely on behaviorist vs. cognitive psychology. Key question asked, “Is the human simply a very advanced mammal that operates by a stimulus response mechanism, or actually a cognitive creature that uses its brain to construct knowledge from the information received by the senses?” How People Learn：Intro to Learning Theories. Hammond, Austin, Orcutt, and Rosso Theories of Learning PROGRESSIVE LEARNING THEORY Students approach learning through their own experiences with the understanding that all learning is situated. Focus on the student learning from his or her own experience with guided opportunities to explore, discover, construct, and create How People Learn：Intro to Learning Theories. Hammond, Austin, Orcutt, and Rosso Theories of Learning CONTEMPORARY LEARNING THEORY The role that both experience and reflection play in the development of ideas and skills. The role of reinforcement and practice in the development of skills, and so do cognitive intent, effort, and reasoning. The importance of developmental stages; they also recognize that development can also be encouraged through social interaction and the structuring of experiences within the learners’ zone of proximal development or readiness sphere. The role of culture and other influences on experience in views of how people construct their understandings and develop their abilities. Content matters – the nature of the disciplines has much to do with how they are learned and best taught. How People Learn：Intro to Learning Theories. Hammond, Austin, Orcutt, and Rosso Theories of Learning The Learning Process The brain plays a role. The learning environment makes a difference. Learning is based on asso