写作基础巩固(六)句子成分–学生版.doc

语法和写作基础巩固（六）------ 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（______） We often speak English in class.（______） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（______） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（______） Smoking does harm to the health.（______） The rich should help the poor.（__________________） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（____________） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（____________________________________） （三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（______） Is it yours?（______） The weather has turned cold.（______） The speech is exciting.（____________） Three times seven is twenty one?（______） His job is to teach English.（______） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（____________） The machine must be out of order.（____________） Time is up. The class is over.（______） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（____________） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（______） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（______） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（______） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（____________） He pretended not to see me.（____________） I enjoy listening to popular music.（____________） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（____________） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, pl