科学艺术与建筑.doc

第一讲 绪论（提纲） 科学、艺术与建筑 科学 science Webster’s Dictionary: from Lat. Scientia = knowledge 知识 -- possession of knowledge as distinguished from ignorance or misunderstanding; 区别与愚昧和无知的拥有知识； -- a branch or department of systematized knowledge that is or can be made a specific object of study; some thing that may be studied or learned like systematized knowledge ; 系统性的知识，可通过“学习、研究” 获取；  -- accumulated and accepted knowledge that has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operating of general laws。 和普遍性真理和普遍规律有关的系统化了的和规则化了的知识积累。 五四运动时，中国的知识精英呼唤“德先生”（民主）和“赛先生”（科学），这个“赛先生”就是上面的第一条释义。 牛津字典: knowledge arranged in orderly manner, especially knowledge obtained by observation and testing of facts. 大英百科全书 History of science 条目:  On the simplest level, science is knowledge of the world of nature . Science, then is to be considered in this article as knowledge of natural regularities, that is subjected to some degree of skeptical rigor and explained by rational courses; 哥伦比亚百科全书 :  For many the term science refers to the organized body of knowledge concerning the physical world, both animate and inanimate.  Science may be roughly divided into the natural science and social science. 在英国，通常science是指自然科学；而美国有时也把社会科学包括在内。 《》:  科学的任务是揭示事物发展的客观规律、探求客观真理, 作为人们改造世界的指南。 艺术 art Webster’s Dictionary: from Lat. ars = skill，技能、技艺 -- skill in the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of human life; 对自然之物进行加工以适合人类生活之用的技能； -- application of skill and taste to production according to aesthetic principles; 按照美学原理应用技能与感觉（品味）于生产（创作）； -- one of the humanities, traditionally including history , philosophy, literature, language and fine art; 人文学科的一种，传统上包括历史、哲学、文学、语言、和美术。牛津字典: -- the work of man, human skill; 人工之物，人的技能、技艺； -- the creation or expression of what is beautiful; 美的创造和表达； -- something in which skill and practice are nee