定语从句实例.doc

定语从句(Attributive Clause)在复合句中修饰名词或代词充当定语的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as；引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词的用法： ?关系代词 ?指代 ?所作成分 ?是否可以省略 ? that ?人，物 ?主语，宾语，表语 ?作宾语可省 ? which ?物 ?主语，宾语 ?作宾语可省 ? who ?人 ?主语，宾语 ?作宾语可省 ? whom ?人 ?宾语 ?可省 ?whose ?人，物 ?定语 ?不可省 关系代词which还可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，不能放在句首；而as用作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的内容时可放在句首，句中或者句末。as还可引导限制性定语从句。 The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 那里的道路情况结果很好，这出乎我们的意料之外。 1、作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2、作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 作宾语时通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中作宾语时也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3、作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4、作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，可以省略。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 5、 总结:只能用that 做关系代词的情况： 1) 当先行词是指物的不定代词时,如:all, few, little, much, any, one, everything, something, anything, nothing等时； There is nothing that does not contain contradiction. 没有什么事物是不包含矛盾的。 Nearly all the wine had been drunk, but we finished the little that was left. 酒差不多喝光了，不过我们还是把剩下的那点儿干了。 His proposal contains much that is reasonable. 他的建议包含不少合理的因素。 2) 当指物的先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any, all, every, each, some等修饰时； This is the very book that I have been looking for. 这是我一直在寻找的那本书。 It is the same song tha