newmark翻译理论.ppt

1. philosophical foundation 2. theoretical development 3. distinction between Newmark and Nida the 8 translation methods References Data analysis Table of contents 1.The philosophical foundation of Newmark’s thinking on translation Philosophy is a fundamental issue in translation theory. (Newmark, 1981: 6). The American philosopher C. S. Peirce, the founder of semiotics, for communicative translation The meaning of a sign consists of all the effects that may conceivably have practical bearings on a particular interpretant, and which will vary in accordance with the interpretant. (Newmark, 1981: 5) the British philosopher J. Austin’s distinction between constative and performative sentences Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. (Newmark, 1981:7) One of the basic differences between S-T and C-T is on constative and performative. (Newmark, 1981: 23) 2. Newmark’s theoretical development SL bias TL bias literal free faithful idiomatic semantic/communicative (Newmark, 1981:39) SL emphasis TL emphasis word-for-word adaptation literal free faithful idiomatic semantic/communicative (Newmark, 1988:45) The 8 translation methods Word-for-word translation This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words. The SL word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meaning, out of context. Cultural words are translated literally. The main use of a word-for-word translation is ei