第七章混凝土结构剖析.doc

Reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars), reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. Other materials used to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibers as well as composites in different forms. Concrete is strong in compression, but weak in tension, thus adding reinforcement increases the strength in tension. In addition, the failure strain of concrete in tension is so low that the reinforcement has to hold the cracked sections together. For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement shall have the following properties: 钢筋混凝土就是混凝土中应用钢筋、钢筋网、钢板、纤维共同作用来承受拉力。1849年，一位名叫Joseph Monier 的法国园丁发明了钢筋混凝土，并于1867年申请专利。术语中所指的钢筋混凝土仅指利用铸铁或者钢进行增强的混凝土。此外一些有机纤维、无机纤维或者很多形式的复合材料也可用来增强混凝土。混凝土的抗压能力很强，但是抗拉能力很弱，因此这些增强措施提高了混凝土的抗拉能力。另外因为混凝土的抗拉能力很弱，所采用的增强措施必须具备将混凝土破碎的部分连接起来的功能。一个结构坚固、延展性好、耐久的混凝土结构需要具备以下的性能： High strength High tensile strain Good bond to the concrete Thermal compatibility Durability in the concrete environment 强度高 抗拉刚度高 混凝土之间粘结性能好 温度相容性 耐久性好 In most cases reinforced concrete uses steel rebars that have been inserted to add strength. 在大多数情况下利用在混凝土中配置钢筋的方式来提高强度。 Use in construction 在建筑中的应用 Concrete is reinforced to give it extra tensile strength; without reinforcement, many concrete buildings would not have been possible. 混凝土的增强钢筋主要是提高混凝土的抗拉强度；正是混凝土采用钢筋才使得许多混凝土建筑成为可能。 Reinforced concrete can encompass many types of structures and components, including slabs, walls, beams, columns, foundations, frames and more. 钢筋混凝土包括许多种类的结构和构件，例如楼板、墙，梁，柱，基础，框架等等。 Reinforced concrete can be classified as precast or cast in-situ concrete. 钢筋混凝土可以归类为预制混凝土和现浇混凝土。 Much of the focus on reinforcing concrete is placed on floor systems. Designing and implementing the most efficient floor system i