动词的时态和语态要点.doc

一．动词的时态： 1．一般体：表示状态存在，拥有，感情，感觉等或瞬间结束的动词常用一般体。心理状态动词：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate。瞬间动词：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 系动词：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 1．1一般现在时： （1）表示人或物现在的状况或习惯性，经常性动作。He usually goes to work by bus everyday.（2）表客观规律，真理。 （3）在时间，让步，方式或条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时表示将来时间。 Tell me where she is as soon as you find her. 1．2一般过去时： （1）表示过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，句中常有yesterday, last week等。 At that time, he worked as an assistant in a shoe shop. （2）Used to do表过去经常发生但现在已经不再维持的动作。 He used to smoke a lot, but he gave it up after the operation. （3）注意区分： It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了 It is time (that)sb. did sth. 时间已迟了；早该……了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 1．3一般将来时：表将来某个时间会发生的动作，常与tomorrow, next year, in 2030连用。 2．进行体：强调动作的持续性，表动作正在进行，尚未结束。 2．1现在进行时： （1）表目前一段时间正在进行的活动。 We’re having a grammar lesson now. （2）表赞叹，抱怨的强烈感情，与always, continually, again连用。 Why are we always having chicken and rice? It’s boring! （3）短暂性动作的动作，如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时表将来。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow by train. 2．2过去进行时： （1）表过去某个时间正在发生的动作。 What were you doing at nine last night? （2）描述一个延续动作正在进行中，被一个短暂动作打断，前者用进行时，后者用一般时。 He was walking by the lake when he heard someone crying for help. 3．完成体： 3．1现在完成时： （1）表动作发生在过去并已经完成，但强调其后果及影响，常见时间状语为just, already, yet, ever, never. This is the best movie I have ever seen. （2）表过去开始的动作持续到现在，也许还会继续持续。 He is an actor. He has been in 8 films so far. 3．2过去完成时： （1）表在过去某个时间或动作前已经完成的动作，“过去的过去。” There had been 125 parks up till 2000. （2）用于hardly…when和no sooner…than句型中。 No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。We had hoped that you would come,