化学物质英文命名规律全要点.ppt

Some exceptions are recognized (Page 38) Neutral and cationic ligands are given no special endings. Water and ammonia are called aqua and ammine. Groups such as NO and CO are named as radicals and are treated as neutral ligands. Ba[BrF4] K[CrF4O] Na[BH(OCH3)3] barium tetrafluorobromate potassium tetrafluorooxochromate(V) sodium hydrotrimethoxoborate(III) pentaaquahydroxoaluminum(III) ion diamminetrichloro(dimethylamine) cobalt(III) [Al(OH)(H2O)5]2+ [CoCl3(NH3)2{(CH3)2NH}] Chapter 2 Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:（烃类命名法） 1）Aliphatic Hydrocarbons（FattyHydrocarbons， 脂肪烃） Number Prefix（数字前缀）： ??i). 总碳数≤10时（total C no. ≤10）： 甲: meth-; 乙: eth-; 丙: prop-; 丁: buta-; 戊: penta-; 己: hexa-; 庚: hepta-; 辛: octa-; 壬: nona-; 癸: deca-. 半, 1/2: hemi-, semi-; 单, 一: mono-, uni-; 3/2: sesqui-; 双, 两: di-, bi-, bis-. ii). 总碳数10时（total C no. 10）： 常用字头: 11: undeca, hendeca-; 12: dodeca-; 13: trideca-; 14: tetradeca-; 15:pentadeca-; 16: hexadeca-; 17: heptadeca-; 18: octadeca-; 19: nonadeca-; 20: eicosa-; 21: heneicosa-; 22: docosa-; 23: tricosa-; 24: tetracosa-; 25: pentacosa-; 26: hexacosa-; 27: heptacosa-; 28: octacosa-; 29: nonacosa-; 30: triaconta-; 31: hentriaconta-; 40: tetraconta-; 50: pentaconta-; 60: hexaconta-; 70: heptaconta-; 80: octaconta-; 90: enneaconta-. a. 烷烃（alkane）命名：数字头 + -ane. 例: 甲烷: methane; 庚烷: heptane; 癸烷: decane; 十三烷: tridecane; 十四烷: tetradecane; b. 烯烃（alkene ）命名：数字头 + -ene. （以a结尾的数字头去a加-ene .） 多烯的命名: 二烯类 数字头 + -diene ; 三烯类 数字头 + -triene . 例: 乙烯: ethene; 丁烯: butene; 丁二烯: butadiene; 丁三烯: butatriene ? c.???炔烃（alkyne ）命名：数字头 + -yne（有时是-ine） （以a结尾的数字头去a加-yne .） 多炔的命名: 二炔类 数字头 + -diyne